Advances in Military Technology
type: channel
description: The international journal of Advances in Military Technology is a peer reviewed journal that provides insight into theoretical considerations and practical innovations in military and security technology. The journal covers a broad spectrum of interests including research, development, design, manufacturing, control, utilization, reliability, sustainability, and the effectiveness of new technologies for military and security requirements. AiMT builds a bridge between theoretical perspectives and practical considerations that are of active interest to the academic, scientific, business and policy communities. The journal welcomes original contributions of theoretical and practical interest, which have not been submitted to other journals, nor previously published. All submissions are refereed in a peer review process by experts appointed by the Editorial Board. AiMT is published semi-annually in June and December. Contributions are only published in English. Prepared issue vol. 20 no. 2.
publisher: University of Defence
language: en
publication name: Advances in Military Technology
issn: 1802-2308
copyright: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: 1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. 3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Users can use, reuse and build upon the material published in the journal for any purpose, even commercially.
items: Multi-Criteria Optimization of Complex Technical Systems
items: Selecting Double-Base Propellants for a 120 mm Mortar Rocket Assisted Projectile through DoE
items: Research on Coil Design to Improve Performance of Disc-Shaped Magnetorheological Brakes
items: Camouflage Woven Fabric Hooded Cloak for Protection against Thermal Surveillance Imagers
items: Autonomous Weapons Systems Guided by Agentic AI:Lessons for Morocco’s Security and Defense
items: Design of a Low Frequency, Wideband Tonpilz Transducer for Sonar Applications
items: Design and Validation of a Low Frequency Anti-Vibration Mount using NBR-Carbon Fiber Composite
items: Innovative Concept of Augmented Reality Training for Countering UAVs
items: Assessment of the Defeating Effectiveness of Ballistic Missiles by Air Defense Systems
items: Calculation of Frequency-Territorial Separation Norms for Decimeter Radio-Electronic Means
items: Experimental and Numerical Study on the Influence of Liner Height on Explosively Formed Projectiles
items: Design of a Passive Heat-Rejecting Thermal ImagingLens for Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR)
items: Assessing Readiness Levels for Implementation of Industry 4.0 Technologies in Military Maintenance Depots
items: Selected Problems in Friction Stir Welding of Titanium and Aluminum Armor Grade Alloys
items: Scheduling Techniques for Real-Time Systemsfor Defense Applications on Multicore Processors
items: Phishing – Still Topical
items: Comparisons Using Methods of Continuum Mechanics and Monte Carlo at Differentially Pumped Chamber
items: Combining Template Matching and Background Subtraction Techniques to Detect Objects in Infrared Video Sequences
items: Language Representations Based on C-BML and Their Processing
items: Acceptable Risk in Military Bridge Evaluation
items: Fault Detection and Diagnosis Based on Extensions of PCA
items: Applied Sensor Fault Detection, Identification and Data Reconstruction
items: Model for Predicting Microhardness Profiles of Steel after Nitriding
items: Study on Effects of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of 40 mm L70 Cartridge Case
items: Capabilities and Limitations of Military Helicopter Wire Strike Protection Systems
items: Influence of Double Cone Liner Shape on Jet Characteristics of Shaped Charge
items: Soil Conductivity: An Important Factor for Detecting Landmine Threats and Terrain Rehabilitation
items: Quality Improving of the Air Traffic Controller Selection Process at the University of Defence
items: Composite Index for 2SFCA Based Accessibility Comparison and Field Hospitals Distribution Analysis along the Frontline
items: Analysis of the Impact of Operatorʼs Activity on the Control System of Unmanned Aerial Vehiclesles Analysis

Multi-Criteria Optimization of Complex Technical Systems
type: item
description: The wide functionality and high structural complexity of modern technical systems necessitate the search for new, universal methods for their optimization. The article proposes a multi-criteria optimization method, which allows ranking competitive configurations of complex technical systems in terms of formalized and non-formalized expression of optimality criteria.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: complex technical systems
  topic: keywords
subject: optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: criterion
  topic: keywords
subject: structure
  topic: keywords
subject: objective function
  topic: keywords
subject: scalarization
  topic: keywords
creator: Ivan Katerynchuk
creator: I. Chesanovskyi
creator: R. Khoptinskiy
creator: A. Bratko
creator: V. Veretilnik
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-21
publication date: 2025-06-21
starting page: 349
ending page: 360
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01981

Selecting Double-Base Propellants for a 120 mm Mortar Rocket Assisted Projectile through DoE
type: item
description: Range extension of a 120 mm mortar projectile can be attained by a rocket motor within the grenade body. This study deals with the design of experiments-based methodology to identify double-base propellant compositions conceptually feasible for such a motor, from a thermochemical viewpoint. Formulations were defined under low vulnerability and green principles, using Minitab® Statistical Software, following mixture design techniques to account for intrinsic constraints. The thermochemical behavior of these formulations was simulated with a specialized software, taking theoretical characteristic velocity c* as a performance indicator. An empirical model was then fitted, permitting the identification of a set of favorable compositions leading to c* enhancement, regarding a reference double-base propellant, thus unveiling the design possibility of rocket motor downsizing.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: rocket assisted projectile
  topic: keywords
subject: design of experiments
  topic: keywords
subject: characteristic velocity
  topic: keywords
subject: low vulnerability ammunition
  topic: keywords
subject: green propellants
  topic: keywords
creator: Leandro Augusto Iorio Pires
creator: Victor Vinicius Valentim da Silva
creator: Fernando Cunha Peixoto
creator: Emmanuel Péres de Araújo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
starting page: 239
ending page: 261
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01969

Research on Coil Design to Improve Performance of Disc-Shaped Magnetorheological Brakes
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of various coil parameters on the working efficiency of disc-form magnetorheological brakes (MRBs). While earlier research predominantly addressed coil shape and count, the present work examines less-explored factors, including coil installation position and conductor diameter. Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations were performed to analyze the relationships among braking torque, coil geometry, and applied current, with a particular focus on enhancing the torque-to-mass ratio (T/M) to optimize both performance and cost-effectiveness. Results demonstrate that reducing the air gap between the coil and the MR fluid layer effectively concentrates magnetic flux, yielding a substantial increase in braking torque. The study offers comprehensive insights into coil design and configuration and proposes recommendations to improve MRB performance while maintaining economic feasibility.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: Magnetorheological Brake (MRB)
  topic: keywords
subject: coil design
  topic: keywords
subject: Torque-to-Mass Ratio (T/M)
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite Element Method (FEM)
  topic: keywords
creator: Nguyen Anh Ngoc
creator: Nguyen Minh Duc
creator: Nguyen Minh Tien
creator: Hoang Quang Tuan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 361
ending page: 373
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01977

Camouflage Woven Fabric Hooded Cloak for Protection against Thermal Surveillance Imagers
type: item
description: This article enumerates a number of up-to-date achievements in the field of creating metamaterials that can theoretically be used when manufacturing the means of camouflage for armed forces personnel. A high-performance version of the design of camouflage hooded cloak for protecting servicemen is presented. The presence of slot air flaps for the air exchange via thermal convection between the external environment and the internal cavity of the cloak will prevent the formation of unwanted zones of localized heat concentration with the presence of an elevated temperature on the surface of the cloak fabric in the course of a long period of use. Prototypes of such a design of an invisibility cloak have successfully passed tests during combat operations in Ukraine.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: thermal convection
  topic: keywords
subject: thermal radiation
  topic: keywords
subject: thermal imagers
  topic: keywords
subject: thermal cloak
  topic: keywords
subject: camouflage
  topic: keywords
creator: Kostiantyn Boriak
creator: Nataliia Peretiaka
creator: Serhii Bazyka
creator: Hennadii Banzak
creator: Maksym Boriak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-07
publication date: 2025-05-07
starting page: 199
ending page: 209
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01944

Autonomous Weapons Systems Guided by Agentic AI:Lessons for Morocco’s Security and Defense
type: item
description: In this research, we aim to explore the implication of Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) within the context of Moroccan security and defense. To achieve this, we analyze the ethical and strategic dimensions associated with the integration of these systems. While AWS present certain advantages and potential benefits, their adoption could also undermine Morocco’s regulatory and technological governance frameworks, thereby increasing risks to national security and defense. Our approach includes a comprehensive literature review, a comparative analysis of notable international cases, and a detailed examination of key documents. Based on this analysis, we seek to provide clear guidelines and practical recommendations to support the responsible integration of AWS into Morocco’s security and defense infrastructure.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: Moroccan cyber security
  topic: keywords
subject: DGSSI
  topic: keywords
subject: cyber strategy 2030
  topic: keywords
subject: agentic AI
  topic: keywords
subject: autonomous weapons systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Mhammed Kezzoute
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 327
ending page: 348
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01973

Design of a Low Frequency, Wideband Tonpilz Transducer for Sonar Applications
type: item
description: Tonpilz transducers are the most widely used transducers for sonar applications due to their good acoustic performance, simple construction, ease of array formation and long service life. However, the large size and mass required for low-frequency transducers limit their typical use to frequencies above 2 kHz. Another limitation is its low bandwidth. In this paper, an attempt is made to design a transducer with a resonance frequency of 1 kHz and a source level of 190 dB or more with a useful bandwidth of more than two octaves. The finite element method is used to model the transducer and to study the effect of important parameters on Transmitting Voltage Response (TVR). Based on the study an optimum design is proposed. The studies reveal that the dimensions of the piezoceramic stack and head mass significantly affect TVR.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: Tonpilz transducer
  topic: keywords
subject: sonar
  topic: keywords
subject: underwater transducer
  topic: keywords
subject: low-frequency
  topic: keywords
subject: finite element model
  topic: keywords
creator: M.R. Subash Chandrabose
creator: N. Biju
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-17
publication date: 2025-04-17
starting page: 95
ending page: 105
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01971

Design and Validation of a Low Frequency Anti-Vibration Mount using NBR-Carbon Fiber Composite
type: item
description: The vibrations generated by onboard machinery can adversely impact stealth of marine platforms. Designers typically mitigate the source of vibration; however additional passive anti-vibration mounts have to be used for isolating equipment above a specific frequency threshold. This study focuses on the development, testing, and comparative evaluation of composite anti-vibration mounts incorporating short carbon fiber reinforcement in an NBR matrix. Three damping elements designs were optimized based on the stress-strain properties of five NBR compositions with varying short-fiber loading. The research involved designing and testing the mounts, FEM of the materials, FEA of the mounts, and experimental validation. Among the tested designs, model-2 with 2 parts per hundred rubber (phr) fiber loading demonstrated superior vibration damping performance for low-frequency applications.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: vibration isolation
  topic: keywords
subject: composite anti-vibration mount
  topic: keywords
subject: transmissibility
  topic: keywords
subject: nitrile rubber
  topic: keywords
subject: low-frequency mount
  topic: keywords
subject: finite element modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: creep
  topic: keywords
creator: Kunjumoideen Shajahan
creator: Arun Sundar RS
creator: Ramesh Kumar AV
creator: Reji John
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-06
publication date: 2025-06-06
starting page: 227
ending page: 295
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01967

Innovative Concept of Augmented Reality Training for Countering UAVs
type: item
description: Contemporary armed conflicts are characterized by the increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). One key approach is firearm-based defense. This paper presents the concept of an innovative trainer based on augmented reality (AR) technology. The system integrates a virtual environment generated by the Unreal Engine in real-time (including realistic models of drones and firearms) with real-world maps displayed through HoloLens 2 glasses. The paper covers the technical design and implementation, enabling battlefield simulation. The prototype includes features such as dynamic training scenario generation, real-time user position synchronization, and realistic UAV behavior simulation. Findings highlight AR’s potential in military training while addressing challenges like GPS integration and cross-environment synchronization. The system demonstrates selected capabilities for the future of military training.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: AR
  topic: keywords
subject: augmented reality
  topic: keywords
subject: training
  topic: keywords
subject: UAV
  topic: keywords
subject: unmanned aerial vehicles
  topic: keywords
subject: counter-drone
  topic: keywords
creator: J. Kaczorowski
creator: M. Zarzycki
creator: A. Wiśniewski
creator: M. Rychwicka
creator: W. Kaczmarek
creator: Natalia Daniel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-21
publication date: 2025-05-21
starting page: 227
ending page: 237
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01965

Assessment of the Defeating Effectiveness of Ballistic Missiles by Air Defense Systems
type: item
description: Combating tactical and short-range ballistic missiles in modern military conflicts is the most critical task of the air defense forces. The paper describes a method for assessing the effectiveness of hitting tactical and short-range ballistic missiles by an anti-aircraft missile system, which considers the time characteristics of the stages of the combat operation process of an anti-aircraft missile system. The anti-aircraft missile system functions as a part of the tactical missile defense system. The method is advisable to use when deciding to protect facilities from ballistic missile strikes.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: anti-aircraft missile system
  topic: keywords
subject: tactical missile defense system
  topic: keywords
subject: probability distribution density of time characteristic
  topic: keywords
subject: probability of hitting
  topic: keywords
subject: ballistic missile
  topic: keywords
creator: Oleksii Zahorka
creator: Serhii Polishchuk
creator: Iryna Zahorka
creator: Natalia Fregan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-15
publication date: 2025-04-15
starting page: 81
ending page: 93
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01963

Calculation of Frequency-Territorial Separation Norms for Decimeter Radio-Electronic Means
type: item
description: The paper considers the main models of radio wave propagation used in the calculation of radio lines in the line-of-sight area. It has been shown that to calculate the frequency-territorial separation norms, the Vvedensky reflective model is advisable. The methodology for calculating the frequency-territorial separation norms and the peculiarities of its application for radio-electronic means operating in the decimeter-wave range are determined. Failure to take into account the attenuation multiplier during radio wave propagation within the scope of the Vvedensky formula leads to an error in the calculation of the interference power at the input of the interference receiver-receptor and to an erroneous increase in frequency separation during the development of frequency-territorial separation norms for decimeter radio-electronic means.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: electromagnetic compatibility
  topic: keywords
subject: frequency separation
  topic: keywords
subject: territorial separation
  topic: keywords
subject: multiplier
  topic: keywords
subject: attenuation
  topic: keywords
creator: V. Pozdniak
creator: O. Vysotskyi
creator: S. Makarov
creator: Pavlo Openko
creator: V. Bondar
creator: V. Horbenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-03
publication date: 2025-06-03
starting page: 263
ending page: 275
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01962

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Influence of Liner Height on Explosively Formed Projectiles
type: item
description: Explosively Formed Projectiles (EFP) are widely used in both military and civilian sectors for their ability to strike distant targets effectively. This study investigates EFP formation and penetration using Ansys Autodyn simulations and experimental validation. Focusing on the EFP warhead structure, it analyzes how liner height influences projectile performance. Results show that variations in liner height significantly affect the EFP’s velocity, penetration depth, and diameter in steel targets. The study finds that an optimal liner height between 0.2 and 0.3 times the liner diameter yields the best projectile shape and dynamics. These findings offer practical guidance for selecting liner geometry in EFP warhead design.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: explosively formed projectile
  topic: keywords
subject: liner height
  topic: keywords
subject: penetration
  topic: keywords
subject: Ansys Autodyn
  topic: keywords
creator: QUAN PHAM HONG
creator: V. Minh Do
creator: D. Thanh Tran
creator: X. Son Bui
creator: H. Nguyen Pham
creator: D. Tho To
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-11
publication date: 2025-05-11
starting page: 211
ending page: 225
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01961

Design of a Passive Heat-Rejecting Thermal ImagingLens for Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR)
type: item
description: The paper presents a method for calculating a thermal imaging objective lens working with an uncooled detector in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectral region with the ability to passively remove optical heat based on the selection of appropriate materials. The objective lens optical system consists of only 3 spherical lenses made from three types of infrared materials with different refractive indices and dispersions. The simulation results show that the thermal imaging objective lens optical system has good quality, fully meeting the requirements for image quality, with the ability to completely passively remove heat.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: Triplet
  topic: keywords
subject: thermal infrared lens
  topic: keywords
subject: athermalization
  topic: keywords
creator: ChiToan Dang
creator: Teodor Baláž
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-01
publication date: 2025-05-01
starting page: 173
ending page: 183
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01959

Assessing Readiness Levels for Implementation of Industry 4.0 Technologies in Military Maintenance Depots
type: item
description: Industry 4.0(I4.0) is transforming manufacturing and maintenance processes across various sectors in the world. This paper assesses I4.0 readiness levels in Indian Military Aircraft and Systems Maintenance Depots (MASMDs). Current readiness models often lack dimensions relevant for military maintenance. This research evaluates five diverse MASMDs across different platforms, analyzing data based on aircraft type, systems type, depot size, workload, and technological capabilities. The results reveal varying I4.0 readiness levels among depots and identify critical improvement areas. The findings provide insights for defense organizations planning digital transformation in maintenance facilities. Future research could extend to other military maintenance domains or compare readiness across different nations' armed forces.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: Industry 4.0
  topic: keywords
subject: maintenance
  topic: keywords
subject: military repair depots
  topic: keywords
subject: readiness level
  topic: keywords
creator: Ranjan Arora
creator: Vineet Bhatia
creator: Sumati Sidharth
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-25
publication date: 2025-04-25
starting page: 155
ending page: 172
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01956

Selected Problems in Friction Stir Welding of Titanium and Aluminum Armor Grade Alloys
type: item
description: In this paper, authors reported selected problems in friction stir welding (FSW) of 5 mm-thick AA7075-T651 and 3 mm-thick Ti6Al4V. The investigation involved macro and micro-structure analysis and mechanical testing. The welded joints of Ti6Al4V were characterized by the presence of backing plate steel fragments and tungsten particles in the bottom part of the stir zone (SZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), which resulted in a relatively low value of joint efficiency (60 %). The investigation on AA7075-T651 was concerned with high-speed FSW (HSFSW) using the MX Triflute tool. In all cases, defective welded joints have been obtained (incomplete root penetration, voids in the SZ) with the best result of joint efficiency of about 59 %.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: friction stir welding
  topic: keywords
subject: mechanical properties
  topic: keywords
subject: weld defects
  topic: keywords
subject: aluminum
  topic: keywords
subject: titanium
  topic: keywords
creator: Robert Kosturek
creator: Janusz Torzewski
creator: Marcin Wachowski
creator: Krzysztof Grzelak
creator: Lucjan Śnieżek
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-01-16
publication date: 2025-01-16
starting page: 217
ending page: 224
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01851

Scheduling Techniques for Real-Time Systemsfor Defense Applications on Multicore Processors
type: item
description: The real-time scheduling of tasks of any application software is an important requirement in defense applications. This paper explains partitioning and scheduling techniques in the real-time implementation of any defense system on embedded multicore processors with Linux as the operating system. A typical sonar system is considered as the reference to elaborate partitioning and scheduling techniques. This can be extended to any defense applications like radars, missiles, etc. This paper describes the Partitioned Earliest Deadline First (PART-EDF) scheduling algorithm integrated into LITMUSRT real-time Linux kernel to enhance task schedulability. The proposed system partitions computationally intensive, periodic operations like filtering, beam forming, target classification, etc., and sporadic operations like input and control functions onto different clusters on the multi-core processors.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: EDF
  topic: keywords
subject: sonar
  topic: keywords
subject: WCET
  topic: keywords
subject: LITMUS-RT
  topic: keywords
subject: ADC
  topic: keywords
subject: beamforming
  topic: keywords
creator: P Balakrishnan
creator: M Rajesh
creator: R Rajesh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-21
publication date: 2025-04-21
starting page: 107
ending page: 122
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01943

Phishing – Still Topical
type: item
description: The article summarizes the results of research into phishing threats and attacks over a multi-year period. Obtained phishing emails are subject to statistical, frequency, and content analysis; messages are classified according to the content into five segments: Business, Fund, Charity, Transfer, and Others. An experiment of communicating with phishing attackers is described; necessary security measures are set for this. Protection against phishing attacks is solved by filtering incoming mail on the Microsoft Outlook client while applying rules with keywords obtained from individual segments. In a broader context, the cyber security of email communication is explained, and commercial tools for defense against phishing attacks are described. The usability of research results is also assumed in the education of university students and the training of employees of companies and organizations.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: phishing
  topic: keywords
subject: analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: communication with phishers
  topic: keywords
subject: defense
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
creator: Ladislav Buřita
creator: Kamil Halouzka
creator: Pavel Kozak
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-10-08
publication date: 2024-10-08
starting page: 225
ending page: 241
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01873

Comparisons Using Methods of Continuum Mechanics and Monte Carlo at Differentially Pumped Chamber
type: item
description: The article deals with the analysis of gas flows in pumped canals in differential pumped chamber of the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). The article compares and verifies existing results of differentially pumped chamber flow simulation from ANSYS Fluent system, which uses the mechanics of continuum, with the ones published by D. Danilatos using the Monte Carlo method.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: ANSYS Fluent
  topic: keywords
subject: differentially pumped chamber
  topic: keywords
subject: EREM
  topic: keywords
subject: Monte Carlo
  topic: keywords
subject: SolidWorks
  topic: keywords
creator: Jiří Maxa
creator: V. Bílek
creator: P. Hlavatá
creator: P. Vyroubal
creator: Kristýna Lepltová
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2016-06-26
publication date: 2016-06-26
starting page: 143
ending page: 150
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01120

Combining Template Matching and Background Subtraction Techniques to Detect Objects in Infrared Video Sequences
type: item
description: In this paper, an algorithm is introduced combining a template matching technique with background subtraction to detect moving targets on a road captured on video using a static camera. The designed algorithm based on combining the two techniques is to reduce the difficulties in background estimation and improve the processing time, etc. The proposed algorithm was tested in two different video sequences. The first video sequence was filmed with stabilized camera, while the second video was acquired with unstable camera. The results in both cases indicated that the background subtraction algorithm is successful in detecting moving objects and the template matching technique is suitable for object replacement from background frame to acquire the standard background frame.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: background estimation
  topic: keywords
subject: background subtraction
  topic: keywords
subject: infrared images
  topic: keywords
subject: normalized 2-D cross correlation
  topic: keywords
subject: object detection
  topic: keywords
subject: template matching technique
  topic: keywords
subject: video surveillance
  topic: keywords
creator: Quy Ich Pham
creator: Rudolf Jalovecky
creator: Martin Polasek
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2016-09-02
publication date: 2016-09-02
starting page: 151
ending page: 158
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01117

Language Representations Based on C-BML and Their Processing
type: item
description: The paper tries to put together one computer languages view on Battle Management Languages (BMLs) with the current C-BML Phase 1 Standard: We present a case study on creating language representations by means of formal parsable context-free grammars and corresponding language processors in the area of military C2 systems utilizing the standardized C-BML data structures. We point out how techniques and tools previously used in the area of compilers (namely Flex, Bison) are exploitable in the military domain and thus might be helpful in integration of national command and control systems and deployment in multinational environment. We start with an introduction to C-BML principles and data model; next we describe the basis for our (Slovak) language representation followed by its specification in the form of a parsable context-free grammar; next follows the section devoted to the lexical, syntactic, and semantic processing of the language representation with the utilisation of Flex and Bison tools.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: C-BML
  topic: keywords
subject: MSDL
  topic: keywords
subject: Domain-Specific Language
  topic: keywords
subject: grammar
  topic: keywords
subject: syntax
  topic: keywords
subject: semantics
  topic: keywords
subject: language processor
  topic: keywords
creator: Ľubomír Dedera
creator: Marek Benčík
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2016-10-12
publication date: 2016-10-12
starting page: 159
ending page: 170
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01105

Acceptable Risk in Military Bridge Evaluation
type: item
description: In military bridge evaluation, acceptable life-safety risk in crossings should be aligned with the acceptable life-safety risk of the associated military operation. A continuum of acceptable life-safety risk exists for military operations, thus a continuum of acceptable life-safety risk for military vehicles crossing bridges exists. The paper relates military mission life-safety acceptable risk levels to acceptable bridge crossing life-safety risk in an approximate quantitative manner. A continuum of acceptable life-safety risk for military bridge crossings provides flexibility in mission planning and execution, while providing engineers a basis to conduct military bridge evaluation that is consistent with the mission intent.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: acceptable risk
  topic: keywords
subject: bridge evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: life-safety
  topic: keywords
subject: military risk
  topic: keywords
subject: operations
  topic: keywords
creator: Andrew James MacDonald
creator: R. Gordon Wight
creator: F. Michael Bartlett
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2016-11-29
publication date: 2016-11-29
starting page: 197
ending page: 209
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01106

Fault Detection and Diagnosis Based on Extensions of PCA
type: item
description: The paper presents two approaches for fault detection and discrimination based on extensions of principal component analysis (PCA). The first approach proposes the concept of y-indices through use of a transposed formulation of the data matrices utilized in traditional PCA. The y-indices are introduced to measure the differences between sensor reading datasets in the ‘sensor domain’ rather than as traditionally employed in the time domain. This addresses problems associated with traditional PCA methods when measurement data is subject to bias and drifting due to transient power demand or load changes, for instance, which can lead to excessive false alarms. Residual errors (REs) and faulty sensor identification indices (FSIIs) are introduced in the second approach, where REs are generated from the residual sub-space of PCA, which is used to detect abnormal operating conditions, and FSIIs are introduced to supplement the REs in order to classify sensor- or component-faults. The methods are employed in a time rolling window on field data from a gas turbine system during commissioning. It is shown that in-operation sensor faults can be detected through use of both y-indices and REs and FSIIs, and sensor faults and component faults can be discriminated. The techniques are generic, and will find use in many military systems with complex, safety critical control and sensor arrangements.
subject: Technical Information
  topic: section
creator: Yu Zhang
creator: Chris Bingham
creator: Michael Gallimore
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2013-12-31
publication date: 2013-12-31
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01003

Applied Sensor Fault Detection, Identification and Data Reconstruction
type: item
description: Sensor fault detection and identification (SFD/I) has attracted considerable attentions in military applications, especially where the safety issues present priority drivers. This paper presents two readily implementable approaches for SFD/I in complex systems. Firstly, hierarchical clustering (HC) approach is demonstrated for use on gas turbines. SFD/I is achieved by monitoring cluster changes occurring in the resulting dendrograms, by comparing to HC fingerprints that are developed for ‘normal’ operation. In the second approach, using self organizing map neural networks (SOMNNs), SFD/I is performed according to the classification of changes from neural network outputs, and again comparing to fingerprints for ‘normal’ operation. The proposed methods are capable of detecting sensor faults from large groups of sensors. In contrast to many traditional methods of SFD/I that require the detection and identification of faulted sensors in multiple stages, the proposed methods are capable of achieving SFD/I in a single stage. It is shown that the SOMNN classifications and the HC dendrograms provide commensurate detection and identification outputs, whilst also allowing for convenient operator use through graphical interpretations of their outputs. Furthermore, after identifying a faulted sensor, it is possible in some circumstances to reconstruct the measurements expected from that sensor (using the remaining non-faulted sensor information) and thereby facilitate improved unit availability. The efficacy of the proposed approaches is demonstrated through the use of experimental measurements from gas turbines, although ultimately the underlying principles are applicable to other complex industrial and military systems. The presented techniques are now fully operational and monitoring a fleet of gas turbines in real-time.
subject: Technical Information
  topic: section
creator: Yu Zhang
creator: Chris Bingham
creator: Michael Gallimore
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2013-12-31
publication date: 2013-12-31
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01002

Model for Predicting Microhardness Profiles of Steel after Nitriding
type: item
description: The plasma nitriding process produces a hard near-surface thin layer of the nitrided material. The thickness of the diffused layer, produced in the course of this process, is between 0.001 and 0.6 mm. The paper presents a study of influence of the nitriding temperature, pressure, and time on the steel microhardness profiles. The one-dimensional transient diffusion model is applied to a thin nitride layer. That allows one to predict the material hardness distribution within the near-surface layer as a function of time for a modified nitrogen diffusion coefficient. The temperature and pressure dependence of the diffusion coefficient is considered. Hence, the model involves the reaction rates of nitrides formation. The solution thus obtained is compared with experimental data for a decrease of hardness as a function of depth and time, until the core hardness is reached.
subject: Technical Information
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
creator: Vladimír Horák
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2013-12-31
publication date: 2013-12-31
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01001

Study on Effects of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of 40 mm L70 Cartridge Case
type: item
description: The study investigates the effects of process parameters on the mechanical properties of the 40 × 365 mm L70 cartridge case used in HEI-T shells for anti-aircraft applications. The parameters examined include the ironing ratio during the deep drawing process, annealing temperature, and heat holding time during annealing. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of each parameter throughout the manufacturing process. The Taguchi method was employed to identify the optimal conditions for maximizing the tensile strength and relative elongation of the material used in the cartridge case, while minimizing the number of experiments required.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: cartridge case
  topic: keywords
subject: mechanical properties
  topic: keywords
subject: Taguchi method
  topic: keywords
subject: deep drawing
  topic: keywords
subject: process parameters
  topic: keywords
creator: M. Tien Nguyen
creator: Ivan Pemcak
creator: V. Dung Bui
creator: V. Thu Phung
creator: Martin Macko
creator: D. Dung Tran
creator: Q. Viet Pham
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-03
publication date: 2025-05-03
starting page: 185
ending page: 197
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01935

Capabilities and Limitations of Military Helicopter Wire Strike Protection Systems
type: item
description: The aim of this article is to identify the functional limits of wire cutters, which are an integral part of passive protection systems designed to protect certain civil and military helicopters from damage caused by wire strikes. These limits are not well-known and are not explicitly stated by the manufacturers. The primary result of the study is an annotated specification of the functional capabilities and limitations of wire cutters mounted on helicopter structures in relation to the type of wire to be cut, flight speed and other circumstances. A further finding is that the stated capabilities and limitations of these technical systems may not be known and available to flight crews in different countries around the world for various reasons.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: helicopter
  topic: keywords
subject: wire
  topic: keywords
subject: cable
  topic: keywords
subject: wire strike protection system (WSPS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Cable Cutter System
  topic: keywords
creator: Ondřej Zavila
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-01-19
publication date: 2025-01-19
starting page: 5
ending page: 20
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01933

Influence of Double Cone Liner Shape on Jet Characteristics of Shaped Charge
type: item
description: This article deals with a simulation of the influence of double cone liner shape on the jet characteristics of a small-sized shaped charge by ANSYS AUTODYN software. The results prove that, with a smaller apex angle, a smaller base angle, and a larger distance from the top of the liner to the transition position of the cone angle, the jet velocity and jet length will be larger. For a 40 mm shaped charge used in the study, a double cone liner with shape parameters including an apex angle of 40°, a base angle of 60°, and a cone angle transition position from the top of the liner at a value equal to 0.3 times, the base diameter is predicted to provide the best jet performance. The research results are the basis for evaluating the influence of liner shape on the jet formation process and designing a double cone liner for small-sized shaped charges.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: shaped charge
  topic: keywords
subject: double cone liner
  topic: keywords
subject: jet characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: apex angle
  topic: keywords
subject: base angle
  topic: keywords
creator: Pavel Konečný
creator: Pavel Skalický
creator: Tuan Anh Hoang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-22
publication date: 2025-04-22
starting page: 123
ending page: 135
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01921

Soil Conductivity: An Important Factor for Detecting Landmine Threats and Terrain Rehabilitation
type: item
description: Post-war demining of territories is a global problem. Further research is required because none of the technical methods for mine detection are satisfactory in terms of basic parameters. The soil electric conductivity index may be taken into consideration as a completely touchy indicator of diverse residences of the soil without digging into the soil. Soil properties show high variability in space and time. Atypical heterogeneous objects of anthropogenic origin (by shape and material of manufacture) can be identified by maps of variations in the electromagnetic properties of the soil. Electromagnetic properties of the soil, mainly electric conductivity and magnetic susceptibility, have an effect on the operation of steel detectors, which can be historically most usually used for demining territories.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: electromagnetism
  topic: keywords
subject: electrical conductivity
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: soil
  topic: keywords
subject: identification
  topic: keywords
subject: mapping
  topic: keywords
subject: modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: resistivity
  topic: keywords
subject: demining
  topic: keywords
subject: object recognition
  topic: keywords
creator: Taras Hutsul
creator: M. Khobzei
creator: Y. Popiuk
creator: V. Tkach
creator: O. Krulikovskyi
creator: A. Samila
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-23
publication date: 2025-04-23
starting page: 137
ending page: 153
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01916

Quality Improving of the Air Traffic Controller Selection Process at the University of Defence
type: item
description: This study analyses the admission procedure for air traffic controller specialization applicants at the University of Defence in the Czech Republic. SWOT analysis identified strengths in the historically proven selection and it has also identified weaknesses in the assessment of air traffic controller-specific psychomotor skills. Key opportunities include integrating simulation technologies and enhancing collaboration with secondary schools. Key threats stem from outdated processes misaligned with Generation Z preferences and their declining interest in military fields. Recommended strategies focus on modernising the admissions process through simulation-based exercises, improving the promotion of the specialization, and adapting to the preferences of the current and future generation. The study provides a basis for evidence-based improvements in military air traffic controller candidate selection, emphasising a balanced approach between traditional and innovative assessment methods.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: air traffic control
  topic: keywords
subject: air traffic controller selection
  topic: keywords
subject: selection procedure
  topic: keywords
subject: performance testing
  topic: keywords
subject: generation Z
  topic: keywords
subject: admission process
  topic: keywords
creator: Jiří Ulvr
creator: Tomáš Pecháček
creator: Ondřej Mach
creator: Tereza Klímová
creator: Pavlína Račková
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-01-16
publication date: 2025-01-16
starting page: 301
ending page: 315
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01914

Composite Index for 2SFCA Based Accessibility Comparison and Field Hospitals Distribution Analysis along the Frontline
type: item
description: Two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) indices serve to measure accessibility in a geographical area. They were developed mainly to investigate the distribution of medical resources to civilians. Recently, the 2SFCA methodology was introduced to a military background where accessibility of field hospitals along a frontline is considered. This article aims to develop a new composite index with a clear interpretation that allows accessibility to be compared for two distinct situations in the following setting. In the first situation, accessibility is calculated and then the situation changes which impacts accessibility as well. The composite index that is developed in this article then interprets the change and assigns to it an interpretable numerical value. The final composite index is a weighted mean of eleven properties of accessibility indices. Furthermore, the developed index is appropriated for the use in military environment to investigate the distribution of field hospitals along a frontline.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: 2SFCA
  topic: keywords
subject: composite index
  topic: keywords
subject: field hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: frontline
  topic: keywords
subject: spatial accessibility
  topic: keywords
creator: Jan Jekl
creator: Jiří Jánský
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-01-16
publication date: 2025-01-16
starting page: 329
ending page: 344
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01910

Analysis of the Impact of Operatorʼs Activity on the Control System of Unmanned Aerial Vehiclesles Analysis
type: item
description: The article describes the results of the experimental study on the influence of operator’s activities on the control system of a heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles’ group. The proposed mathematical apparatus allows to present the actions of the operator as part of the automated control system, to carry out a quantitative assessment of the efficiency of the operator’s actions. It also allows to evaluate the impact of the results of this activity on the effectiveness of solving tasks in the control system of an unmanned aerial vehicles’ group. The given experimental data and obtained laws of distribution of various random variables can be used in modelling the activity of the operator in complex control systems of an unmanned aerial vehicles’ group. Management of operators’ activity models enables to improve the quality of the development of decision support system.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: Operator,
  topic: keywords
subject: control system
  topic: keywords
subject: unmanned aerial vehicles’ group
  topic: keywords
subject: decision support system
  topic: keywords
creator: I. Borozenec
creator: D. Parkhomenko
creator: O. Nesmiian
creator: N. Garmash
creator: Pavlo Openko
creator: O. Martyniuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-11-11
publication date: 2024-11-11
starting page: 269
ending page: 285
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01908